Stored Procedures and Triggers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Put away Procedures and Triggers - Research Paper Example Taking into account that the working framework running on any PC decides the kind of programming language generally fitting for use, at that point, this can restrict database programming on such frameworks. Be that as it may, since SQL 2008 can be written in an assortment of programming dialects, at that point it isn't constrained to just one or a couple of working frameworks (Norman, 2007). This is so in light of the fact that, on the off chance that one programming language is incongruent with the working framework running in a given PC, at that point an alternate programming language can be decided on, which is increasingly good with the working framework, serving to safeguard the information being used, and making it conceivable to use comparable information in various PC frameworks. The other determinant of programming language similarity is the server programming under use in the framework where such writing computer programs is to be embraced (Robert, 1996). In this manner, th e programming language to be utilized is dictated by the server programming that is under use in the framework. Nonetheless, with the capacity whenever put away methodology SQL 2008 to be written in different dialects, at that point, it improves its similarity with any cut off programming, as an alternate programming language, which is perfect with the product, can be chosen and utilized. ... This is an indispensable perspective, in that, it takes into consideration the people undertaking the programming to consolidate business rationale in the database program. Through the use of different dialects, this business rationale serves to guarantee that the need of encoding such rationale in the customer explicit projects is disposed of. Furthermore, the chance of applying numerous programming dialects for put away method SQL 2008 accommodates the consistency of information utilized, in that it includes the utilization of comparable information that is encoded in various dialects, making it conceivable to safeguard the respectability of the information, despite the fact that applied under various coding dialects (Pratt, 1996). Any possibility of ruining such information is in this manner wiped out and the customer projects can without much of a stretch be looked after general, just that they include distinctive programming dialects, according to the customer determination and inclinations. The utilization of different dialects under SQL 2008 put away strategy takes into account a scope of programming and coding that can upgrade the insurance of the information from SQL infusion assaults (Michael, 2011). This makes such databases progressively steady and in this way secured against different vulnerabilities. The capacity of the put away technique SQL 2008 to be written in different dialects is significant in database improvement, in that it upgrades the decrease of costs engaged with database advancement (Michael, 2011). Some programming dialects are offered as free programming, while others are authorized for commercialization. This implies a portion of the programming language can be acquired and utilized free, while others must be purchased. Because of its capacity of being written in various dialects, at that point, it takes into consideration the utilization of some programming dialects that are offered unreservedly, in this manner

Starbucks Control Mechanisms free essay sample

Presentation Business control frameworks, albeit now and again complex by and by, are very direct in idea. Control frameworks are planned and actualized as a way to control assets and to guarantee that workers demonstration in a way that is valuable to their association. Powerful supervisors can utilize control frameworks as an instrument to ensure exercises are carrying on as arranged. Starbucks is an across the country café gaining practical experience in varieties of espresso. Starbucks actualizes control capacities like budgetary, money related, market, and family. Control Mechanisms Starbucks, as most significant partnerships have many control techniques, one strategy sed which is run of the mill with pretty much every organization is chain of command control. With numerous degrees of the board, the most mysterious is the covert administrator, which Starbucks calls mystery customer or preview. Another kind of control is a regulative control-which comes from standing approaches and standard working systems. Starbucks third rule is applying the best expectations of greatness to the buying, cooking and new conveyance of our espresso (Starbucks, 2006). The third sort of control is Starbucks budgetary control, and Starbucks perceives that benefit is basic to their future and achievement. The last type of control is the tribe control, connections are improved by presenting a helpful and objective situated hierarchical structure with successful operational procedures and worldwide development techniques. Workers are alluded to as accomplices with both part and full time staff treated similarly by offering both investment opportunities and full clinical inclusion (Schultz, 1997). Thoroughly analyze these control instruments. These control instruments are interlaced to the achievement of Starbucks, together and independently the controls test approaches and standards for adequacy and quality. Order like group control manage work and administrative structure at Starbucks, similarly as with numerous companies authority has numerous levels, however every worker is treated as accomplices. Regulative and monetary controls are applied to the item advancement, quality control, and income. The achievement of Starbucks is dependant on the items it sells and has elevated expectations for the materials and fixings utilized in their items. In result Starbucks sold about 10 billion dollars worth of espresso and items in 2009 (Marketwatch, 2009). Viability When an organization, for example, Starbucks turns into the chain marvel that it is oday, there must be a conspicuous adequacy to the manner in which they have chosen to run things. Starbucks has placed into impact the chain of importance control which considers directors to fill the role of clients. The workers would have no clue that they are something besides the ordinary client, and this would give the organization an away from of precisely the manner in which the client assistance end of the business is run. This technique treated by the Starbuck workers is being seen on a direct premise. With respect to the item that one gets from any Starbucks café, there is a standard in hich that item is conveyed, arranged and served. This is totally controlled and observed with Starbucks regulative control framework. This framework permits Starbucks to exactly control the buying, cooking and selling of the espresso. With the goal for Starbucks to appropriately succeed and develop there must consistently be a type of benefit being made at all of their areas around the world. In the event that a benefit isnt being made, at that point there will never be the choice for development. On the off chance that the organization can't develop and benefit, in the long run it will not exist anymore. These benefits and such are observed under the money related control framework. This control framework takes into account the entirety of the cash that is being made to be appropriately observed and conveyed varying. Starbucks being an equivalent open door work adventure offers numerous things to its representatives, for example, investment opportunities and clinical protection. Starbucks group control guarantees that every last bit of it workers or accomplices are dealt with appropriately and given the alternative of inner development. Having these sorts of profession alternative and motivations will clear a path for increasingly significant devoted workers. Positive and Negative responses It would be very difficult for one to locate any negative responses with how Starbucks conducts business dependent fair and square of achievement had by the espresso chain. Estimating is by all accounts the greatest grievance as per Lee (2007). Numerous individuals feel that the additional expense versus what the opposition offers isn't justified, despite any potential benefits. One such model that is shared by Lees review (2007), face it, Starbucks is costly. With such a large number of different alternatives accessible to me, it isn't constantly worth the additional cost, and another response is if costs go up once more, Im out. The negative response is from the monetary control that manages the evaluating. Clients consistently search for a less expensive upplier and Starbucks may endure therefore. Since we have taken a gander at the negative there are numerous positive responses to the way Starbucks conducts business. Starbucks apparently cleared the country short-term with their business technique. With the control that permits administrators to fill the role of clients administration is probably going to have been of higher caliber on the grounds that the representatives would consistently be large and in charge. Command over the nature of their item is apparently very much taken care of as there are a large number of clients who lean toward Starbucks brand over other espresso brands. In conclusion, the contribution of investment opportunities and the disposition of regarding workers as accomplices is likewise a positive and causes the representatives to feel they are esteemed and will keep on giving help of a high caliber to oblige the quality espresso. Controls influences and the 4 Functions of Management Starbucks utilizes these sorts of controls to speak to the four elements of the executives comprise of arranging, arranging, driving, and controlling. Money related control helpers in the arranging procedure by openly detailing how the association is accomplishing their objectives on a yearly premise. This permits the speculators and accomplices to realize cap is occurring regarding budgetary circumstances, and how the organization is moving execution, we plan to educate, move, and connect with our accomplices, clients, and different partners. Moreover, this activity offers us the chance to quantify our advance and refine our procedure for the future (Starbucks, 2009, Para. 3). The order control that Starbucks utilizes assistants in the main head of the executives. From the highest point of the organization down, this control is molded by the Starbucks statement of purpose to rouse and support the human soul one individual, one cup, and one eighborhood at a time(Starbucks, 2010, p. 1). There is additionally a Standards of Business Conduct that is given to all accomplices inside the Starbucks Corporation. These norms permit the top officials to check the condition of the representatives, and make a case of authority for their administrators. As indicated by CEO Howard Schultz, the guidelines will help guarantee that our qualities keep on being reflected in each Starbucks store, and business movement; a promise to respectability, acting genuinely and morally, and conforming precisely and aim of the law are basic to our proceeded uccess (Starbucks, 2010, p. 2). The Regulative type of control is connected to the hierarchical part of the board. This incorporates the operational controls and furthermore the items that Starbucks sells. All Starbucks stores are possessed by the parent organization, or authorized from them, making association a key segment to Starbucks vision. Realizing that all Starbucks stores have a similar vision keeps the measures set up and the organization pushing ahead. Starbucks is focused on just selling the best espresso beans and beverages. Association of providers is critical for Starbucks to aintain their honesty, and friends strategy. Controlling the items Starbucks gets from their providers improves the Starbucks reasoning. The group control that Starbucks utilizes manages the controlling capacity of the board. Starbucks utilizes this kind of control to helper in the controlling perspective in regards to their representatives. A kind of control normally used to accomplish this is criticism. All representatives at Starbucks are approached to round out a structure called the Partner View Survey each 18 two years. These overviews go about as a guide for the organization to recognize what's going on inside the workforce. Another basic type of control is the preparation of Starbucks representatives. Each new individual from the Starbucks group must focus on and get in any event 24 hours of preparing before being discharged into the workplace. Starbucks is focused on having a supportive and proficient workforce. Decision Starbucks is a chain that is known for the biggest varieties of espresso. Developing to be a fruitful business took a lot of administrative intelligence. As the arranging, sorting out, driving and controlling perspectives are considered, the last one can be the most entrusting.

Impact of the Telomere Blood Test

Impact of the Telomere Blood Test Impact of the Telomere Blood Test Home›Controversial Posts›Impact of the Telomere Blood Test Controversial PostsThe controversial blood test study is a new test that s is in the British market as an accurate way of ascertaining one’s lifespan. In this study, the researchers use telomeres to determine an individual’s time of death. Given that the study is accurate, the researchers should offer the test to the public as it will come with a lot of problem. This is because giving them will raise a lot of anxiety, fear, stress, health complications, and immorality.The use of telomeres as a way of predicting people’s lifespan should not be offered to the public because it will lead to anxiety. Anxiety can at times get dangerous as people will always live in fear of death. Once individuals get tested and are aware of their death time, they will develop fear as no one is ready to die. Therefore, withholding the test from the public will greatly help eliminate unnecessary fears amo ng people.The test should not be made available to the public as it will cause many people to resign to fate. Many people lose hope in life when they know that they are dying. Consequently, they will stop working because they will find it useless to struggle. People might get depressed as a result of resignation and hence, living carelessly. This implies that people will make an attempt of living healthy lives, especially upon realizing that they are approaching death. Therefore, the research should only be restricted to the medics rather than disclosing it to the public.In addition, the blood test study should not be offered to the public despite its accuracy. This is because it will affect the families’ economy and that of the countries’ at large. People’s knowledge of their time of death will discourage them from pursuing their dreams and careers. As a result, their families will suffer from poverty and the countries will experience a weak economy.Allowing the public to use blood teats study will also subject them to a lot of pain and stress as due to shock this could be as a result of developing health complications such as stroke, and hypertension.  Because people are afraid of death, knowledge on their time of death will greatly shock them. Therefore, to avoid such incidences, the researchers should offer the test to the public.What is more, the offer of the blood test to people by researchers will be to the advantage to the life assurance companies. Taking advantage of the situation, the companies will exploit the clients as many will want to insure themselves and their families. Therefore, the companies will enrich themselves at the expense of the people. It might also make people give all their monies to the insurance companies and neglect other important investment opportunities in their families.Furthermore, the blood test should not be offered to people as it will affect their moral values and conduct. Many people who know that they are dyin g begin to live recklessly; at times indulging themselves in drug abuse and immoral activities.  Due to loss of sense in life and frustrations, individuals will engage in excessive drinking of alcohol and other drugs.Additionally, awareness of their death age will make people take a lot of medication in an attempt to improve their health status. Since too much medication is not good for human health, individuals will suffer from more complications than they tried to control. Therefore, medics and researchers should use the test only under certain circumstances, but never offer the test to the public.In conclusion, the blood test will have detrimental effects on human beings if it is offered. Despite its significance in the hospitals and research, the blood test will cause unnecessary shock, anxiety, reckless living, poor economy, despair, resignation and more health complications. Therefore, its application should be restricted to medics and researcher, and not to the public.

A Study On Low K13 Mutation Profile - 971 Words

Low K13 mutation profile, after introduction of Artemether-Lumefantrine, in Msambweni coastal region, Kenya. Reuben Mwikiio kinyanzwii 1 3*, Francis .T. Kimani 3, Laura Wangai 2 Eric Lelo 3 Edwin Too 3, Denis Mwaniki.1 1 Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases (ITROMID), Nairobi, Kenya, 2 School of Health Sciences, Kirinyaga University College (Constituent College of JKUAT), Kerugoya, Kenya, 3 Kenya Medical Research Institute, Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development (KEMRI, CBRD), Nairobi, Kenya. Corresponding Author: Reuben Mwikiio Kinyanzwii* reubenkinyanzwii@gmail.com Abstract Introduction: Worldwide emergence and spread of antimalarial resistance has led to use of molecular markers in monitoring of resistant plasmodium parasite. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the K13 propellor domain have been recently associated with artemisinin resistance. This study aims at profiling K13 molecular markers related to reduced susceptibility to Artemether-Lumefantrine in parasite isolates from Msambweni coastal region, Kenya. Methods: Chelex method was used for extracting DNA from Plasmodium falciparum positive dried blood spots on filter paper samples. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing technique was used to detect single nucleotide polymorphism in K13 propeller gene. MEGA 6 was used to identify specific SNP combinations using wild-type reference sequence (XM_001350122). Results: A total 150 samples were collected from malaria infected patients in

East Of Eden By John Steinbeck - 2495 Words

John Steinbeck’s novel, â€Å"East of Eden†, discloses the answer of right and wrong, good versus evil and overcoming sin with a simple Hebrew word â€Å"Timshel†, meaning thou mayest, allowing us the freedom to make our individual decisions or choose our path in life; it’s actually God’s perfect gift to everyone. In the beginning, God grants us free will so that we have the ability to love and accept him or not. However, had God not chosen to grant us free will, we would not be human as we know it today, for the original sin would never have occurred. Likewise, people’s inability to experience emotions of any kind, whatsoever, would turn us into mere mundane robots, forced to listen and answer to an authoritarian God. Lee plays an instrumental part in â€Å"East of Eden†, by not only bringing into focus â€Å"Timshel† and its meaning to the Trask family but through his strength and character as a whole, for without Lee â€Å"E ast of Eden† and the concept of â€Å"Timshel† is non-existent. Lee’s character in â€Å"East of Eden† commences when Adam and Cathy move to California and Adam purchases land or his â€Å"Garden in Eden† as Adam refers to it. Lee described in the beginning as a Chinaman sporting a queue and only speaking in pidgin. However, the more one discovers about Lee in the book; the more one finds this is not the case at all. Lee is Chinese-American, who is extremely knowledgeable, well-spoken, well-read, insightful and thought provoking. He was born in a railroad camp, where his mother disguisedShow MoreRelatedEast of Eden by John Steinbeck624 Words   |  2 Pagesworld: one that is able to change and others that refuses to change. In the novel, East of Eden by John Steinbeck, Steinbeck mainly focuses on female character that can be illustrated as either a person who is able to fit in to changes as a wife and a mother, or who simply just deviates from home and/or family life. Although Steinbeck characterizes Liza as an example of a completely devoted wife and a mother, Steinbeck evokes the idea that a domestic woman is not really true of Liza: but is also independentRead MoreEast Of Eden By John Steinbeck2066 Words   |  9 Pagesauthor always has a motive for writing a story and a point they are trying to get across. John Steinbeck has written some very influential novels in his life. These books are read in high schools, as well as in people s free time to try and expand their minds and change their perspectives on life. Steinbeck has a very descriptive writing style that helps make his books classic novels worth reading. Steinbeck is a writer that does a great job of not just blatantly telling the reader what he wantsRead MoreFree Will in East of Eden by John Steinbeck1002 Words   |  5 Pagessignificant role in East of Eden. It shows that anyone can desire to surmount vile in their hearts and create morality within them self. In the novel, Steinbeck portrays the significance of timshel through the introduction of free will, the internal conflict of Caleb, and the blessing of Adam. Steinbeck portrays the significance of timshel through the introduction of free will, which plays an important role in the theme of Cain and Abel and provides the interpretation of Steinbeck. Timshel is broughtRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s East Of Eden1087 Words   |  5 Pagesto leave an inspirational impression on his sons, John Steinbeck portrays experiences he acquired from his childhood in the novel East of Eden through the characters’ conflicts and actions to encourage them to write their own story not dictated by their roots. Steinbeck admits in Journal of a Novel: The East of Eden Letters that he â€Å"hopes his two young sons will find meaning in life when they grow and acquire the experiences to understand.† Steinbeck s failure to feel accepted, accept his father sRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s East Of Eden1742 Words   |  7 PagesI. SUBJECT John Steinbeck’s East of Eden centers on the Trask and Hamilton families in the year 1902 in the Salinas Valley, California. After growing up in Connecticut alongside his brother Charles under the harsh parenting and rejection of his father, Adam Trask seeks to find happiness and peace. He vows to be a better man than his father and feels the rolling valleys of California calling him. One night, Cathy Ames crawls onto the doorstep of Adam and Charles’ home after her boyfriend attemptedRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s East Of Eden893 Words   |  4 PagesA central question raised by John Steinbeck’s East of Eden is whether it is possible to triumph over evil, answered by the discussion of free will and inherited sin. The idea of â€Å"timshel† is canvassed through the struggles of Caleb â€Å"Cal† Trask. The concept of inherited sin is illustrated through the actions of Cyrus Trask, Charles Trask, and Cathy/Kate Trask. Although Cal is seemingly â€Å"born† into evil, he struggles against what he sees as his inherited evil from his mother and is eventually ableRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s East Of Eden1342 Words   |  6 Pagesto fall back. Might it not be that in the dark pools of some men the evil grows strong enough to wriggle over the fence and swim free? Would not such a man be our monster, and are we related to him in our hidden water?† (Steinbeck 133). The novel, East of Eden, by John Steinbeck, interprets that every human being since Cain and Abel has struggled with the choice between good and evil. He dramatizes the conflict between wickedness and purity within the Trask family and the main characters of the novelRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s East Of Eden1279 Words   |  6 PagesHistory, is the story among which all literary works are linked to, and this statement is true more than any other in John Steinbeck’s East of Eden. Whether one believes that all stories in the Bible have actually happened or not, at least some concepts of them did. How would a writer arrive at the ideas of two brothers and jealousy of love, without having seen it or felt it before? Yet again, how would these ideas survive for so long, unless many people felt them as well and connected to them. TheRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s East Of Eden1072 Words   |  5 Pages once the illusion is destroyed, it also destroys him. Similarly, John Steinbeck explores the double-edged sword of deception, wielded by both children and adults, in his novel East of Eden. Just as the masks that society wears, multiple characters throughout the story at first originally incapable of committing a sin as great as deceit due to their innocent introductions. Despite this initial virtuosity, Steinbeck’s East of Eden evinces humanity’s contrasting and inherent dependence upon selfishRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s East Of Eden1763 Words   |  8 PagesEast of Eden, written by John Steinbeck, is a profound, complicated retelling of the biblical story of Cain and Abel, focused around the overall struggle between good and evil . John Steinbeck wrote this for his own sons, John and Tom, to show them not only the history of their family in the Hamiltons, but also the concept of sibling rivalry emerging from the competition over paternal love and acceptance (Shillinglaw). This was first evident in Adam and Charles Trask, and then in Adam’s sons, Ar on

Tattoos Free Essays

Tattoos BY rhtanne0529 Many people Judge the outward expression of others’ creativity and beauty. Though opinions of this art form have become more accepting, it is still considered taboo. Tattoos should not determine people’s views or thoughts on those who have them. We will write a custom essay sample on Tattoos or any similar topic only for you Order Now At one time, society thought tattoos were only for those in biker gangs or the military. Only the outcasts of society were known to partake in the taboo tradition. Actually, anyone, from a college professor to a soccer mom, can have a tattoo. The presence or absence of body art does not define the person. I have four tattoos that I decided to get for various reasons and at different times in my life. Each has a special meaning and allows me to have an outward representation of emotions I sometimes cannot voice. My tattoos are an expression of my personality, and no one should Judge me for them. I have faced adversity, even from family members, due to my tattoos and piercings. I did not take getting a tattoo lightly. I did not walk into a random shop and point out a drawing on the wall to be inked on my skin. I talked to my parents, riends, pastor and tattoo artists before getting tattooed. I wanted my decision to be well informed so I would never regret it. Though I know I did nothing wrong, I still face people who Judge me. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. said he hoped his children would not be Judged by the color of their skin but the content of the character. Though his â€Å"l Have a Dream† speech did not refer to tattoos, it advocated equality. It should not matter if someone is white, black, green or tattooed, everyone should be treated the same. People should be Judged by their character, not their appearance. It is who a person is on the inside that matters. As Christians, we are commanded not to Judge anyone, whether it is for their actions or their appearance. God will be the one to Judge me. My Father created me beautifully and loves all of me, including my tattoos. Tattoos, honestly, are Just as much of a way to show style and artistic value as the types of clothing worn; except, they are permanent. Until someone gets to know a person with tattoos, they should not believe any stereotype about the tattooed. We are all humans and need to show love by not Judging others’ appearances. How to cite Tattoos, Papers

Pride And Prejudice Essays (1188 words) - Romance Novels

Pride And Prejudice Jane Austen's novel Pride and Prejudice is a lighthearted tale of love and marriage in eighteenth-century England. It centers on the elder sisters of the Bennet family, Jane and Elizabeth. Their personalities, misunderstandings and the roles of pride and prejudice play a large part in the development of their individual relationships. The spirited Elizabeth and softhearted Jane have to deal with not only their own feelings but also the status of their family, both of which affect the outcomes of their prospective marriages. Pride and Prejudice is an apt name for the book. These notions permeate the novel thoroughly, especially in the views of Elizabeth and Darcy. Jane's temperance does not allow for these qualities to exist in her personality. Our first introduction to pride and prejudice is at a ball Mr.Bingley throws. His sisters and a dear friend of his, Mr.Darcy, accompany him. Mr. Darcy is characterized as a proud, haughty, arrogant man and ends up almost immediately alienating himself from the townspeople. This opinion arises after he refuses to dance with the young ladies who have attended the ball and his obvious reluctance to talk to anyone. His pride was said to come from his extreme wealth. Eighteenth-century England was quite preoccupied with status, especially concerning wealth and reputation. Darcy's reluctance to speak with anyone stemmed from his lack of respect for anyone outside his close knit circle. His good breeding was obvious only to those whom he knew well. Elizabeth is prejudiced against Darcy for entirely different reasons. She received information that was one-sided and made unfair assumptions on Darcy's character. She prejudged him; combining the superficial view she had of him and some rumors. The roles of pride and prejudice can be summed up in the exchange between Darcy and Elizabeth, after he proposed. Darcy clearly defines the reasons for his prejudice: "Could you expect me to rejoice in the inferiority of your connections? To congratulate myself on the hope of relations whose condition in life is so decidedly beneath my own?" (Pg.164) Elizabeth's prejudice against him withstood even as her pride did not, under his assault on her family. Her opinion of him from the very beginning impressed her with " the fullest belief of (his) arrogance, (his) conceit, and (his) selfish disdain of the feelings of others". (Pg. 164) Elizabeth Bennet is a spirited character. She has a playful and lighthearted disposition. She is confident, loyal, clever and funny. She found delight " in anything ridiculous", which included an insult to her beauty. (Pg. 12) Her loyalty and devotion to her sister was shown in her three-mile trek to Bingley's house " so early in the day" and "in such dirty weather", to visit her while she was ill. (Pg. 30) Elizabeth is also more a skeptic. This particular quality in evident in the surprise she expresses in her sister's tendency to look at people through rose colored glasses. She is quite frank and very honest even though she occasionally professed "opinions which in fact are not (her) own". (Pg.149) She expresses her feeling regardless of the commotion that it may cause and more often than not, for the shock it will cause. She has a clear understanding of who she is and what will make her happy. This is most obvious when she refuses to marry Mr.Collins. And when she refuses to marry Mr.Darcy when he initially proposes. Even her shock at the mercenary actions of her best friend proves Elizabeth's understanding of what is right and what the ingredients of happiness are. Later, her playfulness can be seen in the way she endeavors to find out the moment Darcy fell in love with her. She declares that he fell in love with her impertinence, mainly because he was tired of all the women who fawned over him. Elizabeth's pride and other failings were all ones she eventually overcame. At one point in the novel, the readers are taken aback by a comment that Elizabeth makes. She tells her sister, she fell in love with Darcy after seeing his estate at Pemberly. At first glance the comment makes her seem as mercenary as her friend, Mrs. Collins but the reader realizes the real meaning behind the comment. Her love began not with sight of the estate, per se, but rather the taste and refinement that is expressed in the beauty of the estate. The fine taste of the estate reflects the taste of the owner. Elizabeth also first as hears stories of Darcy's generosity when she visits Pemberly. Elizabeth's overall

The Charge Of The Light Brigade Essays

The Charge Of The Light Brigade Essays The Charge Of The Light Brigade Paper The Charge Of The Light Brigade Paper Essay Topic: Poetry Alfred Tennyson and Siegfried Sassoon approach the subject of war in different ways. While Tennyson gives the impression that the soldiers who are mentioned in his poem are heroes, Sassoon does not try to glorify war and shows us the bloody realism of conflict. An important point to note is the date when Tennyson wrote The Charge Of The Light Brigade. It was written on April 10 1864; almost ten years after the actual battle took place. Tennyson understood that if he were to write it soon after the battle, people would not like it, as the morale of the nation would have been low after such a defeat. He was a popular poet of the time and swayed to public opinion, and releasing the poem straight after the war could damage his reputation. Sassoon did not have such a reputation to uphold and since he had served in the military during the war, he was able to give a first hand account of the shocking brutality of war. While the purpose of Tennysons poem would have been to raise public spirits, Sassoons was to educate the people about war and how terrible it was. The attitude in Tennysons poem is varied. He praises the soldiers for their bravery (Cannon to the right of them, Cannon to the left of them, and condemns those who did not fight, most notably the captains, and calls into question the military hierarchy (Someone had blunderd: Theirs not to make reply, Theirs not to reason why, Theirs but to do and die:). He does this subtly and avoids naming the captain who had blundered, as doing this could cause public uproar and he could be held responsible. Toward the end of the poem, particularly the last stanza, the attitude is very upbeat, almost as if they had won the battle (When can their glory fade? O the wild charge they made! All the world wonderd. Honour the charge they made! Honour the Light Brigade, Noble six hundred! ). In this stanza, the word wonderd is ambiguous. It could mean wondered, as at first glance it may seem to, or it could also mean amazed, depending on which way it is interpreted. With those six lines, he turns defeat into heroism, and makes the soldiers out to be heroes. Sassoons attitude is very downbeat, and he does not try to glorify things like Tennyson does in his final stanza. He gives an honest, brutal account of war and its consequences. The attitude is the same throughout, unlike the varying attitude in Tennysons. Tennyson tries to help the public understand the poem with the inclusion of a bible passage. In the first stanza, he writes Into the valley of Death. This is a quote from Psalms 23, and as many people were highly religious and attended church in Victorian times, including a bible phrase in the poem would help them to understand. Sassoons contains very little biblical reference, apart from a single crude reference at the very end (O Jesus, make it stop! ). This is probably because Sassoon made his poem easy to understand and unlike Tennysons poem, there are no cryptic or ambiguous phrases. Sassoon draws the reader into the battle, but it seems fairly linear compared to Tennysons. He uses the phrase Rode the six hundred three times, and this gives an impression of the grand scale of the battle. Another word that he repeats many times is Death. He uses it to make it seem inevitable that the soldiers are about to die, despite them battling bravely and standing up to gunfire (Boldly they rode and well, Into the jaws of Death). In Sassoons poem, he does not use the word at all but strongly hints that the same fate awaits the soldiers. There are many metaphors in Sassoons poem. He starts it with the ljne At dawn the ridge emerges massed and dun, which gives an impression of an enormous, intimidating ridge emerging from the darkness. It is a good metaphor to use and helps build up atmosphere at the start of the poem, as does the next line (In the wild purple of the glowring sun). The line The menacing scarred slope; and, one by one, Tanks creep and topple forward to the wire suggests that this is not the first battle but that it has been the scene of many battles before. The second part gives visions of these enormous machines peering out from over the top of the slope, coming toward the soldier clumsily. These are both effective lines and add to the atmosphere before the actual battle begins. Lines of grey, muttering faces, masked with fear, They leave their trenches, going over the top is an important line in the poem. It tells us that the soldiers are frozen with fear, as if emotionless because they know that they are soon to die. Going over the top is a common war phrase and people would instantly recognise this and understand what it means. The soldiers realise that they will die anyway so they charge over the top to fight the enemy. This is an important line in the poem, as it envisages just how brutal and shocking war can be. The final line of the poem (Flounders in mud. O Jesus, make it stop! ) tells us how the soldiers fall and struggle on the muddy battlefield, and the second part of the line makes the first part seem even more effective in expressing the soldiers desperation and torment. People at the time would have been angry that Sassoon had used Jesus name so casually because they were very religious in Victorian times. His finishing line is very different to Tennysons, who praises the soldiers and ends on an upbeat attitude. Sassoon does not glorify war at all. Although Tennyson does not use many metaphors, he uses other effects such as alliteration, repetition and anaphora to great effect. His first line (Half a league, half a league, Half a league onward) is anaphoric. He uses is to good effect and makes it sound like horses hooves clattering rhythmically on the ground. One instance where he uses repetition to good effect is in the fourth stanza (Cannon to the right of them, Cannon to the left of them, Cannon behind them). This tells us that they were surrounded, with nowhere to go but they fought on bravely and is very atmospheric. Also in the fourth stanza, which seems to be the main stanza describing battle, he writes Reeld from the sabre-stroke, Shatterd and sunderd. This is a good example of alliteration. He makes the soldiers seem down and out, shaken by the battle and with no energy left, only for them to ride heroically back into the valley. While he does not glorify war in any way, he celebrates the soldiers who died during the battle and turns their defeat into heroism.

Compounds With Ionic and Covalent Bonds

Compounds With Ionic and Covalent Bonds An ionic bond is a chemical bond between two atoms in which one atom seems to donate its electron to another atom. Covalent bonds, on the other hand, appear to involve two atoms sharing electrons reach a more stable electron configuration. Some compounds contain both ​ionic and covalent bonds. These compounds contain polyatomic ions. Many of these compounds contain a metal, a nonmetal, and also hydrogen. However, other examples contain a metal joined via an ionic bond to covalently bonded nonmetals. Here are examples of compounds that exhibit both types of chemical bonding: NaNO3 - sodium nitrate(NH4)S - ammonium sulfideBa(CN)2 - barium cyanideCaCO3 - calcium carbonateKNO2 - potassium nitriteK2SO4 - potassium sulfate In ammonium sulfide, the ammonium cation and the sulfide anion are ionically bonded together, even though all of the atoms are nonmetals. The electronegativity difference between ammonium and the sulfur ion allows for an ionic bond. At the same time, the hydrogen atoms are covalently bonded to the nitrogen atom. Calcium carbonate is another example of a compound with both ionic and covalent bonds. Here calcium acts as the cation, with the carbonate species as the anion. These species share an ionic bond, while the carbon and oxygen atoms in carbonate are covalently bonded. How It Works The type of chemical bond formed between two atoms or between a metal and set of nonmetals depends on the electronegativity difference between them. Its important to remember the way bonds are classified is somewhat arbitrary. Unless two atoms entering a chemical bond have identical electronegativity values, the bond will always be somewhat polar. The only real difference between a polar covalent bond and an ionic bond is the degree of charge separation. Remember the electronegativity ranges, so youll be able to predict the types of bonds in a compound: nonpolar covalent bond - The electronegativity difference is less than 0.4.polar covalent bond - The electronegativity difference is between 0.4 and 1.7.ionic bond - The electronegativity difference between species forming a bond is greater than 1.7. The difference between ionic and covalent bonds is a bit ambiguous since the only truly nonpolar covalent bond occurs when two elements of the same atom bond with each other (e.g., H2, O3). Its probably better to think of chemical bonds as being more-covalent or more-polar, along a continuum. When both ionic and covalent bonding occurs in a compound, the ionic portion is almost always between the cation and anion of the compound. The covalent bonds could occur in a polyatomic ion in either the cation or the anion.

Early childhood. Fundemental movement skills and behaviour Assignment

Early childhood. Fundemental movement skills and behaviour - Assignment Example Observation Techniques The observation techniques that were selected for this opportunity were anecdotal record, checklist, and photo observation, which means antecedents, behaviours, and consequences. The 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Children includes articles 12, 13, and 14 which pertain directly to the observation of children. Article 12 states that â€Å"children have the right to say what they think should happen adults are making decisions about them, and to have their opinions taken into account† (Hobert & Frankel, 2004, p. 2). Article 13 supports the right for children to have information as long as it is not harmful to them. Article 14 says that rights to privacy should be afforded to children (Hobert & Frankel, 2004, p. 2). Keeping this framework in mind, the observational techniques were used in non-invasive and inclusive methods. The advantages of using the anecdotal record is that it allows for an opportunity to use the humanistic approach in order to provide for values to be placed on the nature of what occurs. The disadvantage is that the anecdotal record can be subject to bias and might not reflect the true picture of what has been observed. The checklist provides for a series of milestones to be placed on a list and they can be checked off as they are observed has having been accomplished. The disadvantage is that a checklist does not provide for context to be placed into the checklist and it is a bit removed from the child. Antecedents, behaviours, and consequences is a comprehensive way to look at what is observed and puts the entire experience into context with the time that has passed. The Rogerian Approach provides for looking at what occurs objectively so that it can be objectively evaluated. The disadvantage is that it might be difficult to interpret progress if not enough changes before and after the event. Introduction of Child and Context The child that was chosen for this observational opportunity has been given the name ‘Alice’ for the purposes of this discussion and to protect her identity. Alice was four years and two months old at the time of observing her. She was included in a small group of four other children she played with frequently in the part. Their age range was 3 to 5. The children was included in the games and was intended to extend on the skill of balancing. Interpretation Alice was observed being able to balance using different strategies. The FMS was observed through three games in order to determine if the task was consistently possible for the child. Alice had been observed having some balance issues in the past, but it had not been decided whether or not they indicated a developmental delay, so the three gamers where developed to extend this skill. During the three games, the second game of her balancing on beam was successful as she was balancing alone however the other games disrupted by laughter and not concentrating due to her focus being on oth er children and not on the task. Recommendation for Planning Table The skill was broken down into a series of skills that were needed to accomplish the task. During the time period between the ages of 2 and 6 there are great strides in fundamental movement skill development and a child should be able to stand on one foot or balance by the age of three (Rathus, 2006). The skills for balancing as follows:

Law & Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law & Morality - Essay Example Stephen argues that such exceptions make Mill’s principle empty (Koons, 2003) but Higton (n.d.) clarifies that Mill refers to societies so backward that they are incapable of understanding the harm principle, let alone be responsible enough to apply them. Such classes lack the level of education and understanding which would enable them to benefit from the Harm principle. The principle implies that if I do not wear crash helmet it does not cause harm to anyone so the state .. The definition of the word ‘harm’ has been considered vague and lacking in preciseness. Koons says that Mill allows the state to compel members of the society to aid others but it includes only direct harm and not the harm that I do others in harming myself. Trying to draw a line of distinction between offensive act and harmful one can lead to a dilemma. A person running naked on the street can be interpreted as an offensive act by some but a harmful act towards children by others. Homosexual act behind doors is more offensive behind doors than heterosexual act in public. Thus if an offensive act is done in privacy with full consciousness of the outcome, then it complies with the norms of the harm principle but this has again been a cause of controversy as people contend that there should be no distinction between public and private actions. An act in private can equally and adversely affect the society but Feinberg states that causing offense is less serious than harmin g someone so the penalty imposed for an offensive act should not be as heavy as that of harm (Mill, 2002).

Kuwait Oil Fields Reconstruction Projects Construction Essay

Kuwait Oil Fields Reconstruction Projects Construction Essay During the Gulf war, Kuwait was invaded by Iraq and by the end of it almost all of oil production facilities of Kuwait had suffered extensive damage and had become defunct. Even after their Liberation in Feb, 1991 a large number of oil wells were on fire. To rebuild the countrys major source of income of the country a project was taken to reconstruct these oil fields. This was the Kuwait oilfields reconstruction project. Bechtel International was the project management firm given the contract to manage this reconstruction project by the Kuwait Oil Company. Work of planning of the project had started in November 1990 within three months of the start of the Iraqi Invasion, in the offices of Bechtel in London. Planning and organizing activities were being done in the offices in London, Houston, San Francisco, Dubai and Riyadh even when the war was still on. Since the war was still on, there was little knowledge of the total extent of the damage to the oilfields and how much work was to be done. However those damages that were identified till then were taken into consideration and front-end planning and procurement for the same had been started. During the end of the war, the retreating Iraqi troops had set the oilfields on fire. Thus to continue with the project first it was necessary to bring these fires under control. The personnel of Bechtel arrived in Kuwait 4 days after a complete sweep of the City was done by the allied troops. The main objective then of these personnel was to organize and manage the firefighting efforts. This was names project Al- Awada (Arabic for return). The vivid scenes shown by the newspaper, magazine, and television reports came alive for Bechtel project personnel. The days were dark with smoke from the fires blocking the sun, oil droplets filled the air, clean water and sanitary systems were not working, power plants were down, transportation was minimal as tires were a precious commodity, and food was very scarce. Initial accommodation was in refurbished ship quarters and in some vandalized apartment complexes without water and electricity, no more than a foam mattress on the floor, and a long hike up a darkened staircase. In addition to these problems, booby traps, land and water mines, unexploded shells and rockets, and other ordnance had littered the country. The temperatures in summer consistently were above 50 à Ã‚ ¦ C in shade (seldom below 37 à Ã‚ ¦ C at night), exposing the people in the field to temperatures of 55-58 à Ã‚ ¦ C in many locations, and hotter nearer to the fires. Just providing drinking water was a ma jor undertaking. John Oakland, senior vice president of Bechtel Corporation, who served as the manager of projects in Kuwait, remarked, This campaign, which was well covered by the international news media, was one of the most complex engineering and construction efforts in history. However, the following assignment, which was the reconstruction of the Kuwait oil fields, was an even bigger and more challenging task. The project of the reconstruction of the oil fields, which was named Al-Tameer (Arabic for rebuild), will be discussed in this report. Status of the Facilities The state of the two million barrels per day oil export industry in Kuwait after the completion of the fire-fighting effort was as follows: 647 wells had burned in total, 751 wells were damaged. Twenty-six oil gathering, separation, and production centers were damaged or totally destroyed. One marine export facility and its related single point mooring was totally destroyed, and the second marine export facility was partially damaged and out of commission. The equivalent of ten million barrels of crude oil storage tankage had been destroyed. The Shuaiba refinery was totally destroyed. A crude unit in the Mina Al Ahrnadi Refinery was completely destroyed. The rest of the refinery was partially damaged and the refinery was out of commission. The Mina Abdullah Refinery was partially damaged and the units were not operable. All communication towers and networks were destroyed. Most of the working population had either fled or were in hiding. Project Al-Tameer After the successful completion of the fire-fighting effort, KOC invited Bechtel to present its plan for the reconstruction of the oil fields production and exporting facilities damaged during the war, starting work by November 1990. KOCs goal was to be able to produce 2 million bpd of oil by September 1992. Planning and Organizing Phase The planning and organizing effort for the Al-Tameer project started with the Bechtel team that was already on-site as part of the Al-Awada project fire-fighting effort. An organization totally different from the Al-Awada project was required to scope, estimate, plan, execute, and turn over operational facilities to KOC. This organization had to be self-sufficient and be able to fully support and service a massive work force of more than 16,000 people. The main organization was divided into five main functions. One was to support KOCs future five-year budget planning with identification, scoping, and planning future projects. This was named KOC Major Projects Group. The other four groups consisted of: manager Al-Tameer projects, responsible for all planning and project management, as well as engineering and procurement manager coordination, responsible for scheduling, cost control, estimating, project reporting, public and community relations, and other relevant functions manager services, responsible for providing all the required support services for the project team including explosive and ordnance demolition group manager operation, responsible for field execution of all the defined work. A damage assessment and scoping team consisting of engineers, planners, and estimators walked every foot of the oil fields production and exporting facilities preparing a scope of work, cost estimate, a plan and schedule of work for each facility. The planning was based on a back to front scheduling defining the dates and production goals first, working backward to see when the drilling effort and facilities reconstruction work had to start to meet this goal. This approach also determined the required manpower and helped with direct hire and subcontracting plans. The overall plan defined the sequence of the work and prioritized the resources to make sure facilities with least damage were first priority for completion. The master schedule was developed based on nine subproject organization work breakdown structures (WBS) Oil recovery Tankage south North Kuwait Pipelines/flow lines Power, buildings, cathodic protection Marine facilities De-salters South gathering centers West gathering centers. Figure : Al Tameer Organization Each subproject having its task force, budget, schedule, and its priority on resources identified was headed by a project manager. The Al-Tameer project organization chart is shown in Figure 1. The teams were integrated with available KOC personnel who performed some of the project functions. Each subproject team was supported by local functional managers to provide them with staff and resources to execute the work. The key driver behind the plan was meeting the schedule and the production capacity. Execution Phase The project execution consisted of three main functions: detail engineering, procurement, and construction management. Detail Engineering Engineering and construction teams worked very closely during the planning phase to determine the best and most expedient way of rebuilding some of the facilities. This close collaboration continued until construction was complete. More than 200 designers and engineers worked in the makeshift project offices at various sites, with strong central support from a base that was set up in an old war-damaged girls school. This was later transferred to a newly constructed KOC engineering building. Additionally, a team of more than 200 engineers from various Bechtel regional offices worldwide provided continuous support and specialized expertise. The main deliverables of the engineering teams were construction drawings, construction packages, and material requisitions and technical bid tabs. This effort was not limited to oil production and exporting facilities; it included some of the necessary infrastructure required for the day-to-day operation of KOC. Offices, warehouses, guest houses, employees housing, roads, power, water, etc., were all part of the scope of the work. Because most of the original drawings and specifications were destroyed during the war, field sketches and measurements had to be used. A total engineering effort of 450,000 hours resulted in 4,500 major drawings. One totally new and fully modularized gathering facility (GC-17) was designed and built in Houston, Texas, and shipped to the sites. Other facilities were designed for rebuild based on their original concept, but modernized wherever possible. Some of the units were very old and were upgraded with the more modern versions of the equipment available. A more extensive use of distributed control systems and automation was one of the key areas that were upgraded. Procurement The project procurement group was established in full force during the firefighting phase of the project to provide resources for that very important effort. In the Al-Tameer phase the team was further expanded to support the massive procurement and contracting effort that was required to meet the target schedule. In addition, inventory control and warehousing material were also part of the procurement teams area of responsibility. The procurement team was also responsible for incorporating all the material into KOC1s automated material and inventory control system. The procurement effort driving the execution phase was centralized, and it was divided into three main areas: Material management Contracts management Warehouse management. Material management included purchasing, inspection, expediting, and traffic and logistics. Contracting included formation and administration. Warehouse management included central warehouses and satellite warehouses. The procurement team had three main goals within the projects overall objective: ensure the right material and resources were available in time to meet the schedule maximize the use of available local resources to assist in rebuilding the local economy ensure sure final warehouse inventory met KOCs material coding and identification system. The size and the particular nature of the project required that the procurement team be divided between material management-reporting to the manager of projects-and contracts management-reporting to the manager of construction. This arrangement facilitated the communication and management of site contractors work with Bechtels direct hire construction work. Material Management Project managers were responsible for development and processing of the material requisitions for their areas of responsibility. Orders over $100,000 required further approval by KOCs manager of the Al-Tameer project. Almost everything required for the execution of the project had to be imported from outside the country. At the early phases of the project the port facilities, custom facilities, and other services required for the proper importation of goods and services were not functioning. Bechtel established a staging area in Jebel Ali port of Dubai (UAE) to receive, inspect, and accept material. Utilizing much smaller vessels and boats, Bechtel then transported goods from Dubai to various Kuwait ports depending on availability and cargo size. This plan also included most of the air freighted material. Because timely delivery of the material was critical to meeting the project schedule, a very detailed material requisitioning plan had to be developed identifying every required detail. This plan was then incorporated into Bechtels worldwide Procurement Tracking System (PTS) that enabled all Bechtel offices to monitor and follow through each order until it reached the site. At later stages of the project when Kuwait ports and custom facilities became functional the above arrangements were changed and everything was imported directly into Kuwait. During this period more than 26,000 purchase orders were issued, and more than 520,000 tons of material were imported utilizing 742 aircraft and sea-going vessels. Warehousing Management One of the key activities of the warehousing management team was to incorporate the variety of material that was left behind after the war and the fire-fighting phase with newly ordered and engineering-specified material. Also, by continuously adjusting and monitoring quantities and specifications they could respond very quickly to emergency and out-of-schedule circumstances. The engineering and warehouse both utilized a common software (PCMC) to identify, locate, and quantify most of the bulk material making sure that when the material was required it would be made available immediately. Contract Management Although due to scheduled requirement reconstruction of some of the flow line, all of the gathering centers and booster stations were performed by Bechtel direct hires, nevertheless more than 300 major construction contracts and 650 equipment rental agreements were issued by the contract management team during the Al-Tameer project phase. The contract formulation team worked as a central group serving all subprojects. The contract administration group managed the administration work more by function than by area. Project managers were ultimately the responsible parties for the contractor work in their areas, receiving the necessary support and services from these two centralized teams. Construction Management Al-Tameer was probably one of the most challenging construction projects ever managed by Bechtel. The work required provision of labor, equipment, and support facilities in fifty-five locations and in four different parts of the country-North fields, South (marine facilities and refineries), West fields, and Burgan fields. The work involved construction of drill pads; roads for heavy rig transportation; well heads; flow lines; gathering centers; gas booster stations; oil storage tanks; water supply, distribution and storage; and marine export terminal and loading facilities. In addition, KOCs own infrastructure (offices, housing, clubs and restaurants, warehouses and buildings, telecommunication, etc.) had to be reconstructed. Construction efforts were divided between direct hire construction and subcontracted work. The total scope of work was divided into nine construction areas, each managed by a field superintendent. Each superintendent was responsible for both direct hire execution as well as field administration of the subcontractors scope of work within his area. Construction superintendents were supported by the central construction group that was the functional group supporting a project matrix team. Prioritization of resources and construction equipment was one of the major functions of the central construction team. Field construction teams were comprised of multinational forces (from thirty-six countries) with totally different cultures, languages, and performance capabilities. Catering and other cultural requirements had to be addressed to ensure each group could perform its function satisfactorily. Each task had to be tailor made to suit the team available. It was important that planning of the manpower and resources take into consideration availability of the right foreman and support group to be able to communicate and perform work with each team. Summary Approximately 1,000,000 hours in the regional offices and 4,000,000 hours in Kuwait were spent for project management/engineering/construction management during the first two phases of this project. Field labor hours were 50,000,000. These project man-hours were spent within the following project schedule milestones: start of planning November 1990 start implementation in Kuwait March 199 1 project completion June 1993. The sources of the project personnel were various. A total of 16,000 workers from thirty-six countries on five continents were involved in this massive effort. The countries that participated in the supply of manpower to this reconstruction included Kuwait, the United States, Great Britain, Canada, France, Australia, Belgium, Holland, Germany, Ireland, New Zealand, Mexico, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iran, Lebanon, Bahrain, Yugoslavia, Colombia, Indonesia, Nigeria, Bangladesh, Brazil, Afghanistan, the Philippines, India, Djibouti, Sri Lanka, Somalia, Syria, Tanzania, Thailand, Tunisia, Pakistan, Trinidad, and Sierra Leone. Key Milestones Some of the more notable milestones in the program were: The last fire was extinguished and the well was capped on November 6, 199 1, eight months after the arrival of the first Bechtel team on-site. The first postwar oil was pumped from two of the original gathering centers on May 26, 199 1. By December 1991, more than 400,000 barrels of oil per day were being produced from the rehabilitated facilities. By April 1993, more than 11,000,000 barrels of weathered crude had been reclaimed from oil pits and lakes, and processed through the field treatment centers and the refinery. By the end of June 1993, eighteen of the original centers were back in operation, with all the production goals achieved as scheduled. Operation Phase Accomplishments The work was conducted in fifty-five locations that included fields in the north of Kuwait on the border with Iraq, west and south of Kuwait on the borders with Saudi Arabia and Iraq, and in the refineries and loading facilities along the coast and offshore. Five hundred square miles of land were swept and cleared of unexploded ordnance. More than 23,000 pieces of explosive devices were destroyed by explosive ordnance disposal teams. Although all work areas were swept, the risk from undetectable ordnance was ever present and some fatalities did occur. More than 26,000 purchase orders and 300 major construction contracts and 650 equipment rental agreements were awarded during Phases I and I1 of the project. (A more normal project performed over the same time frame may have 4,000 to 6,000 purchase orders.) A complete communication system dedicated to the oil industry was installed that included twenty-three satellite telephone systems, 4,500 telephones, and 2,000 portable radios. A twenty-four-hour health care and safety program was established that included two helicopter medivac teams, a forty-bed hospital, a dental clinic, and a team of approximately 100 professional medical personnel on duty at seven medical stations. More than 5,800 pieces of field operating equipment ranging from the larger bulldozers, cranes, trucks, front-end loaders, and heavy industrial equipment to ambulances, pickup trucks, cars, buses, and other support vehicles were shipped to the job sites. These pieces of equipment were purchased from twelve different countries. A total of 742 aircraft and sea-going vessels were deployed to ship more than 520,000 tons of equipment and material to Kuwait in support of this project. Six full-service dining halls with catering support staff provided about 3,500,000 meals for the workers during the fire-fighting campaign and 10,000,000 meals during the reconstruction phase. Menus were established to cater to the different ethnic backgrounds. Provisions and housing for 12,000 manual and 2,000 non-manual Bechtel employees were provided. All of the members of project management and their support teams, over 200 design and engineering personnel and around 200 procurement, administration and subcontracts management teams, were resident in Kuwait. Construction of a number of permanent offices, workshops, warehouses, maintenance shops, and housing complexes for KOC was completed at the same time. Fire-fighting efforts originally involved the four major international teams of Boots Coots, Red Adair, Safety Boss, and Wild Well Control. They were later joined by an additional twenty-three teams from Kuwait, Iran, China, Hungary, Great Britain, France, Canada, Romania, and Russia. Four hundred kilometers of water and oil pipelines were installed during fire-fighting efforts. Water lines and pumping stations could deliver 25,000,000 gallons a day to fire sites. Each of 360 lagoons was excavated, lined, and filled with 1,000,000 gallons of water for use in fire-fighting. Drilling pads and access roads were constructed for 700 new and work over wells. Three-thousand kilometers of new flow lines were constructed. One-thousand kilometers of new and refurbished pipelines were installed. Fifteen crude gathering centers, including a totally new and modularized early production facility, were assessed, designed, and constructed. Three gas booster stations were constructed Restoration and reconstruction of the marine loading terminals, offshore terminals, and SPM were completed. Construction of more than 10,000,000 barrels of new crude oil storage tankage was managed. Restoration of overhead and underground electrical power transmission and distribution system and cathodic protection system within the oil fields was completed. Construction repair and operation of water systems (fresh, brackish, and salt water) were completed. Construction and operation of oil recovery systems and facilities that collected and treated more than 25,000,000 barrels of weathered crude were completed.

Religion and Ethnic Diversity Essay

Religion and Ethnic Diversity Buddhism was first found in India about 2,500 years ago. Buddhism is an increasing popular religion that continues to be the leading religion in the Far East. Buddhism has advanced over to a large amount of countries that have embraced a vast variety of customs, rituals, beliefs, and practices. Buddhist’s do not believe that a God created Earth. Buddha is the only Master, Buddhist’s believe in. Buddhist’s acknowledge that the ultimate purpose of life is to establish consideration for all living beings without inequity and to perform for their piece, good, and happiness. Buddhist’s have incorporated the Four Noble Truths in their lives, which are Dukkha, SamudÄ ya, Nirodha, and Magga. According to â€Å"The Four Noble Truths† (2013), † 1.The truth of suffering (Dukkha). 2. The truth of the origin of suffering (SamudÄ ya). 3. The truth of the cessation of suffering (Nirodha). 4.The truth of the path to the cessation of suffering (Magga),â₠¬  (The Four Noble Truths). Buddhism does not share common characteristics with other religion groups. Buddhism is, however, receptive to other religions and beliefs. This religious group acknowledges the way other religions teach those involved. These individuals do not believe in a God. It is a belief system like all other religious groups. There are individuals who do not accept Buddhist and believe that those who do are not going to heaven. Others who refuse to understand Buddhism and how it works dismiss it completely because it is not what they believe in. Even though Buddhism is not America’s most practiced religion, its beliefs and ideas have been passed into American culture. It has helped blend American culture. Today there is a large amount of Buddhist’s who contribute to promoting peace amongst one another, reaching out to those who are in prison and who are homeless, and some even do advocacy for the environment. Buddhist’s experience hate just like other people in other religions. In 2003, Chung Tai Buddhist Group applied to construct a meditation and worship center in the city of Walnut, California, but the application was later denied. Not only did the City Planning Commission deny the application, but also residents were against building the center. Residents disputed against the plan because they believed there would be an increase in traffic and noise. A few years later the City Planning Commission approved an application to build on some of the area Chung Tai had prepared to use. In 2010, the Department of Justice filed a lawsuit stating the city of Walnut; California treated the group unreasonably while dealing with the permit to build the worship and meditation center for Chung Tai Buddhist Group. The Department of Justice came to the conclusion that it was religious discrimination. After learning what Buddhism is and where it originated from allows me to understand it more. I now know that it is not only about humming and repeating a few words in another language, but also learning how to live a happier, more pure life even with the struggles and unfortunate events that can occur. Not only that, but respecting every living thing as it is. The Chinese are quite different from other racial/ethnic groups. The two most common languages used in China are Mandarin or Cantonese. Mandarin is t he government, education, and media’s main language that is used in China. Known as the ‘common language,’ mandarin is the first language that is spoken. The Chinese are a combined society with the urge to associate themselves in groups, whether it is to their work group, family, country, or associates. The Chinese depend on non-verbal communication like tone of voice and facial expression, to reveal what other maybe thinking or feeling. The Chinese believe in an ethical system known as Confucianism. Confucianism is a set up of ethics and behaviors that signify responsibilities of people towards one another based on their relationship. The Chinese have and continue to contribute to American culture in many ways. Many Americans embrace Chinese religions. Converting to Buddhism and so many other Asian religions. In the 1800’s Chinese immigrants helped working with the gold miners. These men helped construct the intercontinental railway. The Chinese have brought their recipes to American cultures that have been passed down from generation to generation. The Chinese brought their customs, language, and social organization into Amer ican culture. On May 6, 1882 the Chinese Exclusion Act was signed into law. It was brought about in reply to economic concerns in the West Coast, where Americans imputed unemployment and withheld wages to Chinese workers. Americans at the time viewed the Chinese as racially indifferent. Even though the act was repealed during World War II it only allowed 105 Chinese immigrants per year into the United States,  which still showed prejudice against the Chinese. I believe the source of prejudice against the Chinese was economic benefit. A large amount of Chinese immigrants came to the states to seek employment opportunities, but were denied at times because of the direct need for employment. I do believe what I have learned about the Chinese helped me understand this group. I learned what a big contribution to our culture they provided. I also learned that because of their great impact on American culture some individuals take those same customs and values and incorporate them into their own lives. The Chinese and Buddhist experienced similar situations dealing with discrimination because they were both persecuted for being who they are as individuals. Neither one of these groups tried to be something they were not, so they were prejudged and treated unfairly. These groups experienced different situations dealing with discrimination because the Chinese were discriminated against based on real and observed racial dissimilarities. Buddhistâ₠¬â„¢s were discriminated against based on who or what they believed in. Buddhist’s were also discriminated against because of their feeling towards their religion and those belonging to other religious groups. Discrimination towards these two groups and the many others is wrong. It has restricted these groups from opportunities that should have always been available to not only one group, but also all groups of individuals regardless of their appearance or their beliefs. 1. The Four Noble Truths. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/buddhism/beliefs/fournobletruths_1.shtml 2.

History Civlization Athenian Democracy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 843 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Democracy is a governing system in which supremacy and power is vested in the hands of the people. It is exercised through voting to determine the will of the majority. Athens was an example of a democratic city as described by Pericles who once said that it respected the will of the majority (Thucydides 58). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "History Civlization : Athenian Democracy" essay for you Create order Pericles argued that Athens City was democratic simply by the fact that power was based on majority but not social stratification, favoritism or popularity. However, various people in political platforms have varied views on what exactly is a democratic system. For instance, some argued that Athens was not fully democratic because of the position of the government relative to that of the citizens. Narrowing down the focus to what Pericles stated, it is undoubtedly true that Athens was in a democratic government system. This paper will, in this regard, show how valid Pericles’ words, â€Å"Our system is called a democracy, for it respects the majority and not the few . . .† are valid. To begin with, there was fairness in the administration of social, political and economic leadership positions. This can be seen in the manner in which positions in the public offices and industries were shared. Competent skills became the basis of job allocation rather than race, gender, religion or ethnicity (Osborne 79). In addition, his sentiments confirm that democracy was highly respected as provided in the law. It protected workers and leaders from exploitation which instilled a deep sense of security to vulnerable or minority groups (Osborne 79). Athens managed to foster full participation of the public in governance than other cities. Public involvement in Athens was given a considerable attention in solving matters that concerned it. Public engagement was especially nurtured in politics where they chose their own leaders through voting (Osborne 83). Public amenities were also made accessible to the public to present their suggestions and recommendations on particular issues that concerned the wellness of the people (Osborne 83). This enabled the citizens to realize their full potential and diverse capabilities which define the beauty of a nation. The government did not wink at the peoples’ needs but instead gathered its efforts to raise the living standards of the less fortunate (Osborne 83). These traits qualify Athens to have been a democratic city and hence the validity of Pericles’ account. The formation of laws was not imitation of other cities. Athenians were independent and stood in the way they wanted to be governed (Osborne 136). They consulted themselves on the most efficient ways the system could satisfy them. Their wishes could be easily granted since freedom and openness were their democratic rights. Other cities may have imitated their neighbors but for Athens, they came out strongly to defend themselves and proved the need for what could fit them (Osborne 136). They paid regard to those laws that protected them from any oppression that could arise. This showed how democracy could work for the Athenians and majority rule respected. Athenian enjoyed a good sense of relaxation and refreshments after hard day’s work. As compared to other cities, Athens led by Pericles had a good opportunity to have repose from any duty that was so energy involving (Osborne 37). This rejuvenated people’s efforts to constantly remain productive. Arrangements for the contests and festivals that people could engage in were introduced so that in their homes, their cares could be cast away. Their homes had good taste and beauty in their minds could be delighted (Osborne 37). This showed the sense of the free will of the people to do what could befit them and majority rule would be respected to the uttermost. Lastly, their code of conduct was noble. Athenian democratic system had a great sense in their way of treating others positively (Rhodes 187). Kindness was in their daily acts but they got it by being kind to their neighbors and foreigners. This, in turn, attracted foreign investors which collectively furthered the economic growth of Athens. In addition, their relations grew stronger because of their principle (Rhodes 187). Because of democratic system that enable a free will to be exercised, people made it a personal obligation to do right. In conclusion, democratic form of government respected the majority rule. As discussed above, the people in Athens city could work well with the laws they made for themselves without imitating other cities. It is also evident that the Athenian people worked efficiently because they got enough rest and were not overworking. The system also proved that the issues which inconvenienced them could be addressed because people engaged in full participation in choosing their leaders. Being a democratic city, most decisions concerning various matters concerning relied upon the preference of the majority. In as much as the preference was granted, it might have contradicted values of the city and the whole society in which the minority might have wanted to decline, it will not be accepted. A democratic system doesn’t mean that the minority have been totally left out but that even if they lost in election, their rights and privileges are still intact as any other person.

Abuse Of Power In Candide, By Voltaire - 1523 Words

As Montesquieu and Rousseau both bind the idea that sovereignty should be the mindset that is grasped upon when you’re born and you should use it to your highest potential. It is expressed in their own different way but in result, it is involved in the same quest that Voltaire contributes of the common good in the novel. The type of contribution that is discussed in the abuses of power in Candide. Voltaire depicts power being abused from scenes of the novel as they’re reinforced in many views from potential change, human rights, and other Enlightenment values that are portrayed in the book of Candide. Voltaire claims that in Candide, tyranny is manifested and harms the specific view of someone human rights is tarnished when in†¦show more content†¦Another scene of Candide claiming tyranny being manifested is when â€Å"they put me in prison instead. My innocence would not have saved me, If I not been moderately pretty. The judge released me on condition that h e succeeded the doctor, But I was soon supplanted by a rival and dismissed without a penny in my pocket. That’s how I have been forced to continue in this detestable way of life.† (115) As Pangloss young, old mistress, Paquette was taken under a surgeon’s wing and cured her disease after it was acquired initially by Pangloss, but as time progressed, the surgeon’s wife was abusive and then poisoned by her own husband, so he then left them both and Paquette was then soon sent to prison and acquired by a judge that took advantage of her. Under certain conditions of her â€Å"freedom† was the simple fact that she was his mistress but he soon dismissed her while leaving with her money. In the novel, Voltaire shows that Candide also expresses tyranny touching upon the values of power of reason and progress and potential. A specific scene on progress and potential states â€Å"He then informed the Baron that he was going to marry his sister. ‘I shal l never allow her to disgrace herself so meanly,’ said theShow MoreRelated`` Candide `` A Satire Of The Social, And The Scientific Revolution1608 Words   |  7 PagesFranà §ois-Marie Arouet (1694-1778), who wrote under the name Voltaire, was an Enlightenment thinker who helped invoke this change. One way he did this was through his novel Candide, a satire of the issues in society. Throughout this book, the character Candide experiences misfortunes and lucky breaks that change his view of the world. This change in view is what Voltaire thinks should change in society. Specifically what he would like to see was that, â€Å"Voltaire championed individual freedom and attacked any institutionRead MoreThe Novel Candide 1535 Words   |  7 PagesCandide, a story written by Voltaire, is a travel literature that takes away women’s freedom. This story talks about the concept of optimism in the characters’ lives. According to Margaret A. Bodena man may make no claims , but merely (habitually) describe situations in a positive rather than a negative way, and the question of justification may not even arise† (A. Boden). Women in this story fail to accept the principle of optimism. This is because everything in their lives is not for theRead More##de Or Optimism : A Novel Savant Voltaires Candide1238 Words   |  5 Pages Candide or Optimism: A Novel Criticizing Numerous Ideologies Who is the savant Voltaire and what philosophies did he criticize in his novel Candide or Optimism? Franà §ois-Marie Arouet otherwise called Voltaire is a French philosopher who composed many articles, books and ballads amid the enlightenment period. A lot of his works were censored by the French because of the way that he besmirched everything and anything that had to do with religious corruption and the justice system.To battleRead MoreSynopsis Of Voltaire s Candide 1011 Words   |  5 PagesAP English: Major Works Data Sheet Title: Candide Author: Voltaire (Francois-Marie Arouet) Date of Publication: 1959 Genre: Satire Biographical information about the author Francois-Marie Arouet, Voltaire, was born in 1604 in Paris, France. He was passionate about writing. As a result, Voltaire defies his father’s desire for him to become an attorney. Voltaire composed various types of text like essays and historical surveys as he was acknowledged as a writer from the publication of Oedipus. AfterRead MoreAnalysis Of Candide And The Pen Name Of The Frenchman 1464 Words   |  6 PagesCameron Donald Candide Book Critique Candide was written by Voltaire, the pen name of the Frenchman, Franà §ois-Marie Arouet, and was first published by Gabriel Cramer in Geneva during early 1759 . This book was assigned by our teacher because it expresses the beliefs of Voltaire who was a prominent thinker during the Enlightenment Age in Europe. Such thinkers held various philosophical beliefs which were a major cause of social change at the time. This ties in perfectly with our class’s current unitRead MoreA Summary On Voltaire s Candide 1496 Words   |  6 PagesJason Ross 2/15/16 David Morroe History 185 C02195103 Pre-draft Candide Voltaire known as French Enlightenmen, author, historian and a theorist. Franà §ois-Marie Arouet was born on November 21, 1694. He was so weak when being born and not expected to live Marguerite Daumard and Francois Arouet were his parents. 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Many critics note that El Dorado is only a huge extravaganza because it consisted of contradictory statements. The meaning of El Dorado is a vision of the perfect society and represents a false paradise impossible to attain or approach by the destructive human nature. El Dorado contrasts with the rest of the world because at the time Candide was written by Voltaire He lived in one importantRead MoreThe And Female Characters Of Candide1369 Words   |  6 Pageswomen in Candide differ from those of the men? How do their reactions to those experiences differ from those of the men? Most of Voltaire’s characters were able to explain why they could consider themselves as the â€Å"most unhappy† by providing a story of what had occurred to them. Their experiences vary from natural to man-made misfortunes. 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